Facial recognition could be used more widely by police

Facial recognition technology could be used more often by UK police forces, according to new plans announced by the Home Office.

A 10-week publication consultation on how to regulate the technology and protect people's privacy has been launched, which could pave the way for new laws.

Facial recognition has been used by some police forces since 2017 to find wanted suspects and vulnerable people, as well as monitoring live events.

Policing and crime minister, Sarah Jones, believes a wider roll-out could mark "the biggest breakthrough" in catching criminals since DNA analysis. But rights groups are worried the technology is too invasive.

One of the proposals the government is seeking opinions on is the creation of a regulator overseeing police use of biometrics and facial recognition.

Any new laws informed by the consultation would take about two years to be passed by Parliament, the Home Office said.

They would primarily affect policing in England and Wales, but would also be relevant to certain powers in Scotland and Northern Ireland.

There are currently three different types of facial recognition technology available to police:

• Retrospective: Used to search images from crime scenes against pictures taken of people on arrest
• Live: Using live video footage of people passing cameras and comparing their faces to wanted lists
• Operator-initiated: A mobile application that allows officers to check someone's identity without having to arrest them

According to the Home Office, the Metropolitan Police has made 1,300 arrests using the technology since 2023, including rapists and violent offenders.

The government invested £12.6m in facial recognition in 2024, of which £2.8m was spent on live recognition.

A further £6.6m has been invested this year supporting the adoption, evaluation, and roll-out of facial recognition technology. This includes £3.9m for the development of a new, national facial matching service, which is currently in the testing phase.

It aims to give police a new way to carry out retrospective searching and have another national database of custody images.

It is expected that the new database could hold millions of images, similar to the numbers on the police national database.

The Home Office believes facial recognition technology could also help to identify and arrest prisoners released by mistake, and would only be used in time-limited, focused deployments.

"Facial recognition is the biggest breakthrough for catching criminals since DNA matching," Jones said.

"We will expand its use so that forces can put more criminals behind bars and tackle crime in their communities."

Big Brother Watch's Silkie Carlo said the consultation was overdue and called for a pause in using facial recognition while it was ongoing.

She believes the country is "hurtling towards an authoritarian surveillance state" and would be "turned into an open prison".

National Police Chiefs' Council lead for facial recognition, Lindsey Chiswick, said live facial recognition was already subject to strong safeguards, but stressed "public trust is vital".

"We want to build on that by listening to people's views," she said.

Ruth Ehrlich, head of policy at Liberty, told the BBC's Breakfast programme: "We do really welcome the fact that there is going to be a debate on how facial recognition technology is regulated and used across police forces.

"But we're obviously disappointed that this comes alongside a government commitment to ramp up its use before we've understood its dangers."

"What we want to see are strict safeguards that say where and when police can use this technology," said Ms Ehrlich.

A new fleet of mobile vans was rolled out by 10 forces in November, expanding a pilot programme already led by the Met, South Wales Police and Essex Police.

The UK's equality regulator has previously criticised the Met's use of live facial recognition technology (LFR), saying the way it is being deployed is breaching human rights law - something the Met has denied.