Real Madrid and Barcelona pose a major obstacle for English clubs aiming to sign the world's most coveted players.
Jude Bellingham exemplifies this trend. After leaving Birmingham City for Borussia Dortmund to continue his development, the England midfielder opted for Real Madrid rather than a return to his home country. He remains the only player to have been called up to England's senior men's squad during the Premier League era without appearing in the competition.
Kylian Mbappé was linked with several clubs before fulfilling his ambition of joining Real Madrid, while Neymar opted for Barcelona over Premier League interest when departing Santos in 2013, drawn by the prospect of playing alongside Lionel Messi.
Cristiano Ronaldo departed Manchester United for Real Madrid a year after claiming the Ballon d'Or, and Luis Suárez joined Barcelona months after securing the Premier League Golden Boot and the PFA Players' Player of the Year award with Liverpool.
Gareth Bale and Eden Hazard both moved from London to Madrid after establishing themselves among the Premier League's elite. Bale transferred from Tottenham to Real in 2013 after winning the PFA Players' Player of the Year award for a second time; Hazard made the identical switch from Chelsea six years later, having previously captured the league's top individual honour.
Harry Kane left Tottenham for Bayern Munich despite trailing Alan Shearer's Premier League record of 260 goals by just 47 strikes.
The lure of Spain extends beyond climate, lifestyle and, for many South American players, linguistic and cultural familiarity; the attraction runs deeper.
Real Madrid and Barcelona enjoy a distinctive status as destination clubs, bolstered by their Champions League pedigree, global reach and association with individual honours such as the Ballon d'Or.
Both clubs have shown interest in Rodri this summer.